留学Essay写作中如何正确应用介词

相信很多同学都知道在语法使用难度排行中，介词可是排在前面的。别说留学生了，即使是学了多年英语的人也经常在介词的使用上出错。

语言学上有个“负迁移”概念，它可以用来解释为什么介词难学的原因:作为母语为中文的学习者，我们的英语表达经常会受到汉语思维的影响，以至于产生错用介词的现象，今天小编为大家介绍—下在Essay写作中如何正确应用介词。

在型号的目录选用介词

Using Adverbs in a Numbered List

在—切正常的写作中，给超过3个，4个的物品型号是—个"愚昧的个人行为"。

假如超过这—数，你就需要用竖直的阿拉伯数型号了。

在表格中，不必应用介词方式(-ly末尾)，用序数词如first,second等。

First(最先)(not firstly)副词修饰的—部分不确立。

Second(次之)(not secondly)没这一必需。

Third(第三)(not thirdly)超过“次之”的数量词就逐渐听上来蠢蠢的了。像这种意味着次序的介词当做着分节符的用途。

Within the normal flow of textit's nearly always a bad idea to number ftems beyond three or fourat the most.Anything beyond thatyou'rebetter off with a vertical lit that uses numbers(12,3,etc.).Also.in such a list,dont use adverbs(with an-ly ending)use instead the uninflectedordinal number(firstsecond,third,fourth,fifth,etc.).First(not firstly).it's unclear what the adverb is modifying.Second(not secondly).it's

unnecessary.Third(not thirdly).after you get beyond 'secondly it starts to sound silly.Adverbs that number in this manner are treated asdisjuncts(see below.)

我们可以省去的介词

Adverbs We Can Do Without

备考“简约“模块，提议删掉一些介词来提高写作的流畅性:例如very.extremely,really那样的不具体提高一切现实意义和额外构造的提高词.

Review the section on Being Concise for some advice on adverbs that we can eliminate to the benefit of our proseintensifiers such asvery,extremely,and really that don't intensify anything and expletive constructions("There are several books that address this issue.)

介词的类型

Kinds of Adverbs

方式副词

She moved slowly and spoke quietly.

地点副词

She has lived on the island all her life.She still lives there now.

频率副词

She takes the boat to the mainland every day.

She oftengoes by herself.

时间副词

She tries to get back before dark.

lt's starting to get dark now.

She finished her tea first.She left early.

目地介词

She drives her boat slowly to avoid hitting the rocks.She shops in several stores to get the best buys.

副词的位置

Positions of Adverbs

One of the hallmarks of adverbs is their ability to move around in a sentence.Adverbs of manner are particularly flexible in this regard.

介词的在其中一个特性是她们能随便在语句中更改部位的工作能力。方式副词是在其中尤其灵便的介词类型。

Solemnly the minister addressed her congregation.

The minister solemnly addressed her congregation.The minister addressed her congregation solemnly.

The following adverbs of frequency appear in various points in these sentences:

下列的频率副词在语句中出现在不—样的地区。

Before the main verb(在积极语以前):l never get up before nine o'clock.

Between the auxiliary verb and the main verb(在助动词和积极词中间):l have rarely witten to my brother without a good reason.Before the verb used to(在形容词以前):l always used to see him at his summer home.

Indefinite adverbs of time can appear either before the verb or between the auxiliary and the main verb:不确定时间副词既能够出现在形容词前还可以在助动词和积极词中间

He finally showed up for batting practice.

She has recentlyretired.

介词的次序

Order of Adverbs

There is a basic order in which adverbs illappear when there is more than one. lt is similar to The Royal Order of Adjectives,but it is even moreflexible.

当有好几个介词的情况下，有一个基础的排列方法。和形容词排序的铁律相近，可是更为的灵便。

大量有关介词的次序

More Notes on Adverb Order

基础的标准是无论内容是啥，短的副词短语放到长的副词短语以前。在下面这一语句中，一个时间副词放到了频率副词以前应是它更短，也更简易。

Dad takes a brisk walk before breakfast every day of his life.

第二个标准是:在一些简易的副词短语中(方式副词，地点副词，频率副词等)，越实际的放的越前边。

My grandmother was born in a sod house on the plains of northern Nebraska.

She promised to meet him for lunch next Tuesday.

把一个装饰介词放到语句的最前边能够重点强调哪个定语。这对方式副词最有效。

Slowly,ever so carefully,Jesse filled the coffee cup up to the brim,even above the brim.Occasionally,but only occasionally,one of these lemons will get by the inspectors.

As a general principle,shorter adverbial phrases precede longer adverbial phrasesregardless of content. In the following sentence,an adverb oftime precedes an adverb of frequency because it is shorter(and simpler):

Dad takes a brisk walk before breakfast every day of his life.

A second principleamong similar adverbial phrases of kind(manner,place,frequency,etc.),the more specific adverbial phrase comes first. My grandmother was born in a sod house on the plains of northern Nebraska.

She promised to meet him for lunch next Tuesday.

Bringing an adverbial modifier to the beginning of the sentence can place special emphasis on that modifier.This is particularly useful withadverbs of manner:

Slowly,ever so carefully,Jesse filled the coffee cup up to the brim,even above the brim.Occasionally,but only occasionally,one of these lemons will get by the inspectors

不适度的介词次序

Inappropriate Adverb Order

备考“弄错部位的定语”章节目录来推进副词位置的定义。形容词假如附在她们本不应该装饰的词便会搞混句意

They reported that Giuseppe Balle,a European rock star,had died on the six o'clock news.

实际上，假如把画线一部分移到前边，紧随“they reported”或者句首就能防止模棱两可，不许语句听上来好像这男人在电视新闻节目中去世。

比较简单的形容词有时候也会弄错部位，就好像只是和基本上:

She only grew to be four feet tall.

改为“She grew to be only four feet tall.”会更好。

Review the section on Misplaced Modifiers for some additional ideas on placement.Modifiers can sometimes attach themselves to and thusmodify words that they ought not to modify.

They reported that Giuseppe Balle,a European rock star,had died on the six o'clock news.

Clearly.itwould be better to move the underined modifier to a position immediately after they reported or even to the beginning of thesentence—so the poor man doesn't die on television.

Misplacement can also occur with very simple modifiers,such as only and barely:She only grew to be four feet tall.

lt would be better if"She grew to be only four feet tall."