编写英文论文的情况下，学员常常必须搜集对毕业论文很重要，但不值直接引用的情况类的内容。可是许多学员担忧的难题便是“怎样防止毕业论文turnitin论文查重时的高重复率?”。在这类状况下，学员必须开展英语论文改变，因此大伙儿何不把握一些paraphrase方法。“Paraphrase”，即“改述”，就是指用你自己的语汇获取并转述另一个源代码的语汇。那样，在保存原文的意思另外，能够防止生搬硬套全文用语的状况，进而减少查重率。但是，写多了以后，许多留学生会感觉如果不照搬模拟题，都无法说话之道了。但假如你的毕业论文上都只应用好多个关键字，教师一看就了解你的英语词汇量很差、语言表达能力太弱。难题就来了，大家究竟该怎样paraphrase呢?怎样防止经常应用关键字(key words)呢?今日小编来共享一下几类合理的句子改述方式和关键字更换方法，并且出示能够替代“造成”(to cause)这一在英文论文中较为常用语的单词表。我们一起来学“说话之道”!

改述的整体构思

Paraphrase的全过程一般能够分成下列七个流程：

1.把文章内容细心读几次;

2.找到它的关键点;

3.随后把原文章内容放到一边;

4.尝试在不要看全文的状况下要你自己得话再次写成关键点。也就是说，便是为自己解释一下你读的本文。

5.写完后，把改述的文稿放到一边，继续看别的的物品，或是做别的的事儿。将你的专注力迁移到别的事儿上就可以了，这会使你与全文中间造成间距。还可以说，使你保持清醒一下，删掉对全文的记忆力。如果你回到回来，你能有一个全新升级的角度。你对全文的精确记忆力会在某种意义上消退，你能更非常容易致力于自身的用语和句子成分。

6.这时，还是不要看全文，将你paraphrase的文稿润饰一下。在这个全过程中，你能发觉你一直在用自身的语言表达能力原文的意思。

7.编写之后，将你改述的文稿与全文开展较为。看一下是不是你改述的文稿能精确传递原文的意思。也有他们的不同点是不是足够防止剽窃的行为。

这种流程会让你产生非常大的协助，使你提升毕业论文的原创度，成功通过turnitin论文查重。turnitin一直是留学生使用的比较多的一个查重系统，小编这里有一份turnitin的免费使用教程：http://www.baydue.com/news/tools/120.html，有需要的同学可以看一下哦。下边大家来探讨改述的具体做法。

改述的具体做法

1.把积极句变成被动句，相反把被动句变成积极句

那样的含意就是把本来的主语和宾语的顺叙错乱一下，而且把形容词变成处于被动方式。可是还要留意不必更改原话的含意哦!

2.更改词性

英语中的语汇，大部分全是好几个词性并存的，由于她们的词性转换全是一样的。有时候我们可以把她们互用。因此在我们要想应用一个名词的意思的情况下，我们可以换做它的形容词来开展描述。

Original:

Current political and economic incentives favor industry and other interest groups at the expense of health:consider the subsidies paid for corn-based agriculture and mass-produced processed foods,the tobacco revenue generated in countries with a government-owned tobacco industry,industrial growth in the face of environmental pollution,and the spread of the sedentary automobile-and-television culture.

(Source:Venkat Narayan,K.M.,Ali,M.K.,and Koplan,J.(2010,September 23).Global noncomunicable diseases–where worlds meet.The New England Journal of Medicine,363;13.1196-1198.Retrieved from nejm.org at MIT Libraries.)

Acceptable Paraphrase:Changed Voice and Changed Parts of Speech

Researchers point out that in attempting to implement economic growth,industry is often favored over health:government may subsidize certain forms of agriculture and food production,contribute to tobacco consumption in nations where it owns the industry and otherwise promote growth of industries that pollute.(Venkat Narayan et.al,2011).

3.把从句改成语句，相反把语句改成从句

在英语中我们可以把一个繁杂的复合型一段话切成好几个小句子一样，大家还可以把这些主句后边的从句变成某一语句，或是把语句表达的意思改变成一句从句。

Original:

The prevalence and impact of non-communicable diseases continue to grow.Chronic diseases account for 60%of all deaths worldwide,and 80%of these deaths occur in low-or middle-income countries,where the toll is disproportionate during the prime productive years of youth and middle age.

(Source:Venkat Narayan,K.M.,,Ali,M.K.,and Koplan,J.(2010,September 23).Global noncomunicable diseases–where worlds meet.The New England Journal of Medicine,363;13.1196-1198.Retrieved from nejm.org at MIT Libraries.)

Acceptable paraphrase:Changed Clause to Phrase

The increasing spread of non-communicable diseases can be seen in figures that show these diseases are responsible for 60%of all deaths on the planet,and that in countries where the population is primarily of low or middle income,the impact is greatest,often focusing on those who are young or middle-aged(Venkat Narayan et.al,2011).

4.更改句子的结构

关键就是指把语句的表述次序错乱一下。例如把倒序的语句改成顺叙的语句，可是在更改以后，必须留意一下左右句的联接，不必太生涩。假如必须用些承前启后的句子来融入过多。

5.把全部非通用性的英语单词应用近义词

你需要记牢，不论是汉语的文章内容还是英文的文章内容，他们都很避讳多次重复使用某一个词或是语句来描述同一个含意。在我们想改述一篇文章时，大家更应当留意这一点，更要防止出现和全文类同的好几个短语。

Original:

Like drought,excess rainfall and flooding can also contribute to epidemics of waterborne infectious diseases,in this case due to poor sanitation resulting from runoff from overwhelmed sewage lines or the contamination of water by livestock.

(Source:Shuman,E.,M.D.(2010,March 25).Global climate change and infectious diseases.New England Journal of Medicine;362,12,1061-1063.Retrieved from nejm.org at MIT Libraries.)

Acceptable paraphrase:Used synonyms

An overabundance of rainfall can also be a factor in spreading infectious diseases carried by water,usually as a result of overflowing sewers and pollution from farm animals(Shuman,2010).

Acceptable paraphrase:Changed sentence structure

When there is an overabundance of rainfall,two situations can occur:sewers can overflow and water can become polluted by the presence of livestock,both of which can lead to outbreaks of waterborne diseases(Shuman,2010).

6.以上五种方式的综合性应用

值得一提的是，paraphrase的目地便是再次描述信息内容，使原文的意思出现在你自己的文章中，而不用全文的用语。

Original:

We do not yet understand all the ways in which brain chemicals are related to emotions and thoughts,but the salient point is that our state of mind has an immediate and direct effect on our state of body.

(Source:Siegel,B.(1986).Love,Medicine and Miracles(p.69).New York:Harper and Row.)

Acceptable paraphrase#1:

Siegel(1986)writes that although the relationship between brain chemistry and thoughts and feelings is not fully understood,we do know that our psychological state affects our physical state.

写作者应用了什么改述方式?

应用了近义词;

更改了句子成分;

把形容词变成处于被动方式;

引入来源于。

Acceptable paraphrase#2:

Siegel(1986)writes that the relationship between the chemicals in the brain and our thoughts and feelings remains only partially understood.He goes on to say,however,that one thing is clear:our mental state affects our bodily state.

写作者应用了什么改述方式?

应用了近义词;

更改了句子成分(一个繁杂的语句变为为2个简单句子);

把形容词变成处于被动方式;

更改了词性;

引入来源于。

拥有之上这些方式，还是不足的。最重要的是多训练，多去剖析这些不成功的改述实例，便于大家大量地小结出自身的一套科学方法论，进而把查重率操纵在最低标准。