很多人会在开始分不清introduction和background的区别。

举个简单例子，

Known worldwide for it's magnificent Eiffel Tower, France has so much more to offer in magnificence.

France is a European country situated between England and Spain. The dominant language is, of course, French. The country also borders the Pyrenees Mountains to the southwest, and Italy to the southeast.

✔ state the general topic and give some background

✔ provide a review of the literature related to the topic

✔ define the terms and scope of the topic

一般来说上面蓝色字体的三个部分，是应该在平时的积累中完成的。

列举一下目前的研究状况

涉及到不同的研究方法，一定会讨论A和B有哪些优势和劣势。其中研究的盲点是什么，而你的研究就是要合理的解决这些gaps。

阐明你研究的重要性

写清楚研究问题和要解决的问题

写明研究的目标和研究对象

列举一下假设

最后介绍一下全文的结构

介绍一下用到的研究或实验方法

六个层次“公式”即：背景；现状及分歧；目的；原因；意义；outline。具体写作层次如下：

描述这个所选topic的背景和重要性

举个梨子：

/ 第二层次 /

在这一部分不仅要对前人的研究做简要说明，还要总结这些文献的gap，也就是目前的研究中都存在哪些争议，或者没有涉及到的研究。

/ 第三层次 /

简单来说，“原因”就是由于以前的文献没有关于这方面的研究，所以你要进行哪方面的研究；或者做这项研究能够带来什么benefit。

“While measuring these effects may be challenging, establishing the attitudes of students and academic staff towards part-time jobs for students could provide a valuable insight into how they feel employment affects academic achievement.”

列出此次研究的目的

This study aims to investigate the feelings of students and academic staff in relation to students doing part-time work. It also aims to analyse the findings of the research in order to establish the advantages and disadvantages that such work may have for students.

解释本次研究的意义或价值

继续举个梨子：

/ 第六层次 /

本文首先做什么，其次做什么，最后做什么，这样导师在没有读main body的时候就知道你的论文是如何架构的

"This research project will first provide a review of some existing literature and analysis of the topic of part-time work for students. It will then describe the methods used in my own primary research. After this, it will analyse and evaluate the findings of this research before drawing any important conclusions and recommendations."