写Essay,如何流畅自然的提出reference？

写论文时，遵循 论点argument+论据evidence（这里使用reference来支持论点）

这就需要使用的reference 与论点相关，可以是赞同的观点，也可以是反对的观点。

这个时候需要对文献synthesize 的能力，将多个来源的想法和发现汇总在一起，以便得出一个总体观点。

举个例子：

未synthesize的段落：

Franz (2008) studied undergraduate online students. He looked at 17 females and 18 males and found that none of them liked APA. According to Franz, the evidence suggested that all students are reluctant to learn citations style. Perez (2010) also studies undergraduate students. She looked at 42 females and 50 males and found that males were significantly more inclined to use citation software (p < .05). Findings suggest that females might graduate sooner. Goldstein (2012) looked at British undergraduates. Among a sample of 50, all females, all confident in their abilities to cite and were eager to write their dissertations.

Synthesize后的段落：

Studies of undergraduate students reveal conflicting conclusions regarding relationships between advanced scholarly study and citation efficacy. Although Franz (2008) found that no participants enjoyed learning citation style, Goldstein (2012) determined in a larger study that all participants watched felt comfortable citing sources, suggesting that variables among participant and control group populations must be examined more closely. Although Perez (2010) expanded on Franz's original study with a larger, more diverse sample...

可以对比看出，虽然两端都在讨论一件事情，但是第二段将不同的文献的观点融合在一起，有逻辑关系。这样的引用才是有效的，而不是想第一段只是机械的把来源不同的文献堆砌凑成一段话。